Quantum of Quanta — A New Physics Theory of Discrete Space
Quantum of Quanta (QoQ) is an independent theoretical physics concept: space is made of discrete multidimensional quanta, and time, matter, gravity and cosmic expansion follow from its structure.
An open research project of EUKR ASBL, a Belgian nonprofit association (BCE 1016 370 651). Version 1.0.2 is published on GitHub and in the Internet Archive, has a DOI and is available as a book. Author’s ORCID iD: 0009-0008-7038-1036.
Everything here is free to read. The project is independent and develops with the support of its readers.
Open Questions in Modern Theoretical Physics
Modern physics rests on two highly successful theories, quantum mechanics and general relativity. Yet several fundamental questions remain open:
– the incompatibility of quantum mechanics and general relativity
– the presence of hypothetical entities (dark matter, dark energy)
– limits of applicability in the form of singularities
– the model-dependent nature of cosmological expansion parameters
– the unexplained origin of the fundamental interactions
– the lack of understanding of the nature of space and time.
Quantum of Quanta starts from these open questions and develops one model of discrete space that addresses them together.
Research Principles
The concept is developed by
(i) requiring no artificial entities, (ii) interpreting observed physical phenomena in an internally consistent manner, (iii) eliminating the greatest achievable number of known contradictions in modern physics, (iv) forming an integral picture of physical reality, (v) preserving computability / formalizability at an acceptable level of abstraction, and (vi) maintaining a simple and clear language of exposition.
Discrete Space: The Foundation of QoQ
In QoQ, space is not a continuum. It consists of elementary Space Quanta — Planck-scale multidimensional cells whose dimension is a local, integer property that can change. Space Quanta carry charge. Their interaction is fundamental: all physical interactions arise from it and from the topology of space.
Read more: Space · Appendix 1. Geometry of Discrete Multidimensional Space
The Nature of Time
The state of each Space Quantum is described by a wave function with its own frequency of state change. In QoQ, this frequency is the quantum of time. Time is therefore manifold rather than a single background parameter: domains — regions where substance has emerged — have their own global arrow of time and their own local physical constants. Mass and motion slow time locally: the greater the mass and speed, the more slowly clocks run nearby.
The Nature of Matter
In QoQ, matter is not primary: it is derived from space. Charge is one property with two manifestations. Spatial charge remains in the cells and drives the unfolding of space; mass charge is emitted into substance. Mass is therefore the same physical entity as cell charge, realised in the form of matter. Substance appears when an emission window opens, and returns to the cells through absorption when the dimension of space drops below three.
Read more: Matter
The Origin of Gravity
In QoQ, gravity is not a separate force carried by a particle. It arises from the structure of discrete space. The interaction of Space Quanta charges is fundamental, and the motion of bodies is set by two factors: the slope created by the distribution of mass, and dimension gradients within a gravitationally connected region of space. Inhomogeneities in the dimension of space cells manifest as gravitational effects — from the attraction of bodies and celestial mechanics to the large-scale structure of the Universe.
Read more: Appendix 3. Gravity in Discrete SQ Space · Space
Dark Energy, Dark Matter and Cosmology
QoQ requires neither dark energy nor dark matter. Space expands because the number of Space Quanta grows as their dimension decreases — the Space Expansion Rule (SER) takes the place of dark energy. Relic gradients of dimension, left over from the early Universe, produce the gravitational effects usually attributed to dark matter.
In the earliest stages, charge leaves the cells in an elementary form into a hot, dense substance; as space expands, matter passes through a cascade of phase transitions and cools. Black holes are treated as astroscotomes — regions without a singularity. The evolution of the Universe is derived from these rules and compared with the standard ΛCDM model.
Read more: SER — Space Expansion Rule · Appendix 4. Relic Dimension Gradients · Appendix 5. Astroscotomes · Evolution: ΛCDM and QoQ
Open Research
The text is archived in open repositories and has a DOI; its author is identified by ORCID. The work can be cited and verified:
Support the Research
All materials are free, and support is never a condition of access. Support keeps the research independent and pays for:
- the author’s time to develop Concept Version 2.0;
- translation of the concept into French, Dutch, German and Ukrainian;
- the website, publications and open archives that keep the concept free for everyone.
What’s Next
- Concept Version 2.0 — a rigorous network of conceptual nodes and links.
- Mathematical models of discrete space and computational modelling of discrete systems.
- Translations into the languages of Belgium and into Ukrainian.
- Open scientific discussion and critical analysis of the concept.